Europe

Poland: Tax Authorities Cannot Preemptively Reject Related-Party Witness Testimony

A landmark ruling by the Supreme Administrative Court, reported 28 October 2026, establishes that tax authorities may not dismiss witness testimony from employees of related entities merely because of their affiliation. The court held that corporate group ties alone do not undermine credibility, reinforcing procedural fairness in transfer pricing and controlled foreign company (CFC) audits.

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Poland: Poland APA Conference Transfer Pricing 20 Years

On 28 October 2026, the Polish Ministry of Finance announced the conference “20 Years of APA in Poland,” scheduled for 17 November 2026. This milestone event commemorates two decades since Poland introduced Advance Pricing Agreements (APAs) into its transfer pricing framework, aligning with OECD guidelines and EU directives. The conference will gather tax authorities, multinational

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Russia: FNS Clarifies Progressive Tax Scale Impact on 2026 Tax Notifications

On 28 October 2026, the FNS issued an official clarification (Letter No. BS-4-11/12345) explaining how the progressive personal income tax scale, introduced by Federal Law No. 389-FZ dated 29 July 2025, is reflected in the 2026 tax notifications for individuals. The progressive scale applies to annual income exceeding 5 million rubles, with marginal rates of

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Ukraine: Kherson Region Personal Income Tax Yields 4.5B UAH in Nine Months

On 28 October 2026, the Kherson Regional Tax Office disclosed that personal income tax (PIT) withholdings from salaries and other taxable income totaled 4.5 billion UAH for the first nine months of 2026. Despite ongoing security challenges in parts of the oblast, collections remained stable compared to 2025, supported by the agricultural harvest season and

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Ireland: Ireland Carbon Tax Relief for Horticulture and Mushroom Cultivation

On 28 October 2026, Irish Revenue published eBrief No. 161/26 detailing Natural Gas Carbon Tax relief for horticultural production and mushroom cultivation. This update aligns with the Finance Act provisions that provide a reduced carbon tax rate for natural gas used in qualifying horticultural and mushroom growing activities. The guidance clarifies eligibility criteria, application procedures,

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Poland: EU Customs Code Reform Imposes New Obligations on E-Commerce Platforms

The upcoming EU Customs Code reform, analyzed on 28 October 2026, shifts customs liability from consumers to digital platforms facilitating cross-border sales. Platforms will be required to declare goods, pay duties, and ensure compliance, ending the practice of passing obligations to buyers. This aligns with the EU’s e-commerce package and VAT e-commerce rules. Key Takeaways

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Poland: Poland KAS E-Services Implementation Plan 2024-2028

On 28 October 2026, the National Revenue Administration (KAS) released its updated implementation plan for electronic services covering the period 2024-2028, current as of 30 September 2026. This roadmap details the phased deployment of new digital channels for tax and customs compliance, including enhanced e-declarations, real-time invoice exchange (KSeF expansion), automated VAT refund portals, and

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Ukraine: Kharkiv Issues 17,700 Qualified Electronic Certificates in Nine Months

The 28 October 2026 update from the Kharkiv Tax Administration reveals that 17,700 qualified electronic signature certificates were issued to individuals and legal entities between January and September 2026. Issuance is performed by the State Tax Service’s accredited Qualified Trust Service Provider (CA.tax.gov.ua) under the Law on Electronic Trust Services (No. 2155-IX). Certificates are mandatory

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Poland: Customs Reform Necessary but Poses Major Challenges for Business and Admin

In an interview published 28 October 2026, Katarzyna Krawicz-Nowak, Deputy Director of the Customs Department at the Polish Ministry of Finance, acknowledges that the EU customs reform is essential but flags unresolved issues regarding new digital sales models. Both businesses and customs administrations face significant adaptation challenges, including IT system upgrades and legal interpretation uncertainties.

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Portugal: Parliament Raises IRS Deduction for Large Families

On 28 October 2026, the Portuguese Parliament approved an amendment to the 2027 State Budget proposal increasing the specific IRS deduction for households with three or more dependents. The measure, supported by a cross-party majority, raises the annual deduction per dependent from €600 to €850 for the third and subsequent children. This targeted relief aims

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