Europe

On 22 October 2026, HMRC published detailed guidance setting out the rates and default values for the UK Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which takes effect on 1 January 2027. The mechanism applies to imports of certain carbon‑intensive goods (cement, iron and steel, aluminium, fertiliser, electricity, and hydrogen) and aims to level the playing field

On 22 October 2026, the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) (Tax) Rules were amended to streamline case management for complex tax appeals. Key changes include tighter deadlines for skeleton arguments, mandatory early disclosure of expert reports, and expanded powers for judges to limit oral evidence. The amendments respond to concerns about rising case backlogs and inconsistent

The UK government confirmed on 22 October 2026 that electronic invoicing (e‑invoicing) will become compulsory for all VAT invoices issued from April 2029. The mandate aligns with the broader Making Tax Digital (MTD) agenda and the EU’s ViDA initiative, aiming to close the VAT gap through real‑time transaction reporting. ICAEW’s analysis outlines the technical standards

As of 22 October 2026, HMRC has published expanded guidance for Making Tax Digital (MTD) for Income Tax Self Assessment (ITSA) quarterly submissions. The update clarifies record-keeping requirements for digital links, treatment of cash basis accounting, and procedures for correcting errors in submitted quarterly updates. The guidance applies to sole traders and landlords with gross