Europe

Italy: Bank Guarantees, Shareholder Sureties: ABI Clause Nullity, Bank Forfeiture

The Supreme Court’s United Sections, in judgment No. 24825/2026 dated 8 October 2026, delimited the nullity of standard ABI (Italian Banking Association) clauses in bank guarantees. Nullity applies only to guarantees falling within the 2002-2005 period and of a generic nature. For specific guarantees or those outside that period, the Bank of Italy’s measure alone

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Ukraine: Ukraine VAT: Tax Service Clarifies Tax Invoice Rules for Erroneous Buyer Payments

On 7 October 2026, the State Tax Service (STS) issued an official interpretation regarding the issuance of tax invoices (Electronic Tax Invoices / e-TI) when a buyer makes an erroneous payment (e.g., duplicate payment, wrong amount). The guidance clarifies Article 14 of the VAT Law and the Rules for Filling Electronic Tax Invoices, addressing a

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Belarus: Belarus Customs Seizes Hidden Goods Worth 4,000 Rubles

On 7 October 2026, the State Customs Committee of Belarus reported that customs officers at a border crossing detected a Belarusian citizen attempting to conceal goods with a total value exceeding 4,000 Belarusian rubles inside a vehicle. The seizure underscores the ongoing enforcement of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) Customs Code and national customs legislation,

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Andorra: Andorra Court Orders €6,492 Payment in 2017 Parish Tax Dispute

On 7 October 2026, Andorra’s Superior Court of Justice ruled that the government must pay the country’s seven parishes a total of €6,492 to settle a long-standing fiscal transfer dispute originating from divergent interpretations of the 1993 law governing intergovernmental revenue sharing. The decision concludes a multi-year legal battle over the proper calculation of transfers

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Spain: Spain Launches Public Electronic Invoicing Solution SPFE

On 5 October 2026, Order HAC/1028/2026, dated 2 October 2026, was published in the BOE, regulating the Public Electronic Billing Solution (SPFE). This order implements the Third Final Provision of Royal Decree 238/2026 (25 March 2026), which develops the mandatory electronic invoicing system between businesses and professionals and amends the Invoicing Obligations Regulation (Royal Decree

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Greece: EU Customs Code 2026/2108 Enters Into Force Across Member States

Regulation (EU) 2026/2108, the recast Union Customs Code (UCC), entered into force on 7 October 2026, repealing Regulation (EU) 952/2013. The new Code introduces a fully digital customs environment: all declarations, notifications, and supporting documents must be submitted electronically via the EU Customs Data Hub. Key innovations include a centralized EU Customs Authority (replacing national

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Italy: Business Property Purchase: Accounting, Depreciation, VAT, ZES Credit

The third installment of the series on business property acquisition, dated 8 October 2026, details the accounting treatment: cost includes purchase price and ancillary charges; land must be separated from buildings as non-depreciable. It covers fiscal deductibility, VAT deduction and adjustment mechanisms, and the special tax credit for investments in Special Economic Zones (ZES). Key

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Netherlands: Dutch Government Submits Childcare Benefits Recovery Amendment

On 7 October 2026, the Dutch Cabinet submitted a legislative proposal to amend the Wet hersteloperatie toeslagen (Recovery Operation Allowances Act) to the Tweede Kamer (House of Representatives). This amendment follows the ongoing fallout from the toeslagenaffaire (childcare benefits scandal), where thousands of parents were wrongly accused of fraud and forced to repay allowances. The

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Ukraine: Ukraine VAT: Thermal Imager Supply Exemption Conditions vs 20% Rate Clarified

Effective 7 October 2026, the State Tax Service published detailed criteria determining when the supply of thermal imagers qualifies for VAT exemption under Article 197 of the Tax Code (goods for defense/military needs) versus the standard 20% VAT rate. This clarification responds to increased procurement of dual-use technology by military and volunteer organizations during the

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Greece: Greece AADE Answers 70 Questions on Single Agricultural Aid Application 2026

On 7 October 2026, AADE released a comprehensive FAQ document addressing 70 questions on the 2026 Single Application for Agricultural Aid (Ενιαία Αίτηση Ενίσχυσης – ΕΑΕ). The guidance covers eligibility criteria for the Basic Income Support for Sustainability (BISS), eco-scheme compliance (carbon farming, precision agriculture), and the new conditionality rules under GAP Strategic Plan 2023-2027.

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